GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC Review

Get our detailed analysis and review of CMS data for GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC.

Data is as of March 07, 2024.

  The Most Important Data about GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC

In the briefest summary, GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC is a medical group with 151 professionals providing medical services at 15 locations. They cover 21 specialties.GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC is affiliated with 19 hospitals

National Provider Number (NPI):

8325955974

   What is this page all about?

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS") compiles and distributes more than 17 tables of data on medical professionals on a sporadic basis. Some of the tables contain more than a million records which makes it very difficult to manage them. There is a lot of information to pour through when trying to understand GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC. Luckily, we are here to help! I’ve put together this page to help you to get a better idea of what the GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC does, their affiliations and much more. (If you want to jump to a specific section of the review, here are the section headers: Ratings, Specialities Covered, Office Locations, Affiliations, and Other Physician Groups.)

   Specialties Covered by GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC

GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC includes medical professionals from 21 specialties

Specialty Number
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS) 7
NURSE PRACTITIONER 24
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT 38
EMERGENCY MEDICINE 1
FAMILY PRACTICE 17
INTERNAL MEDICINE 34
GERIATRIC MEDICINE 1
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY 11
INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2
GENERAL SURGERY 7
NEUROLOGY 5
OSTEOPATHIC MANIPULATIVE MEDICINE 2
OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 1
PSYCHIATRY 2
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST 2
PULMONARY DISEASE 7
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY) 10
THORACIC SURGERY 1
UROLOGY 5
CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 1

   Ratings for GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC

When it comes to healthcare, patients want the best possible care and experience. Figuring this out and boiling it down to a few measures, can be difficult. The information below shows our best analysis. We review all of the the data from CMS. The information below summarizes the results of the most recent annual survey of health care providers called the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems or "CAHPS" as well as data used for the calculation of the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System ("MIPS"). The most recent data for both of these datasets is calendar year 2021. According to the CMS website, the 2022 survey data is being finalized but they have not indicated when it will be publicly available.

CAHPS Survey Results

There is no information about the overall patient rating for GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC.

MIPS Measures

Measure Percent Compliance
Breast Cancer Screening 52%
Cervical Cancer Screening 46%
Closing the Referral Loop: Receipt of Specialist Report 34%
Colorectal Cancer Screening 43%
Diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Poor Control (>9%) 32%
Falls: Screening for Future Fall Risk 83%
Immunization Registry Reporting Yes
ONC Direct Review Attestation Yes
ONC-ACB Surveillance Attestation Yes
Participation in CAHPS or other supplemental questionnaire Yes
Provide Patients Electronic Access to Their Health Information 97%
Query of the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Yes
Security Risk Analysis Yes
Support Electronic Referral Loops By Sending Health Information 16%
Syndromic Surveillance Reporting Yes
e-Prescribing 99%

   GLENS FALLS HOSPITAL INC Office Locations

79 N ST, GRANVILLE, NY 12832 Map
( 518-642-0612)
SHAHID AHMED
INTERNAL MEDICINE
KEANA ALBERT
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MATTHEW ANDERSON (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
CARLOS ARES (MD)
PULMONARY DISEASE
BRANDII BAKER
NURSE PRACTITIONER
SCOTT BIASETTI (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
JORDAN BLACKWOOD
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
JAMIE BOVAIR
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JONATHAN BRAIMAN (MD)
NEUROLOGY
SARAH BRENNAN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JENNY BRONSON
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JACKLYNN BROWN (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ABIGAIL CHARTER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JOANNE COOPER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
KATHLEEN CROTTY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
KATELYN CULLINAN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
SHAUN CUMM (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
DAVID CUNNINGHAM
FAMILY PRACTICE
JOSEPH D AGOSTINO (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
MARVIN DAVIDOWITZ
INTERNAL MEDICINE
W DAY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
LOUIS DECUNZO (MD)
THORACIC SURGERY
JOHN DELMONTE
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
MATTHEW DICKSON (MD)
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
KASANDRA FRASIER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
REBECCA FRELIGH
NURSE PRACTITIONER
DARCI GAIOTTI-GRUBBS
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
AQEEL GILLANI (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
JEFFREY GREENHOUSE (MD)
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
KERRI GREY
NURSE PRACTITIONER
MELISSA GUNTY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JORDAN HASKINS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
AARON HECKLER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MEGAN HILL
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MARK HOFFMAN
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
PHOEBE HUGHES
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
SARAH HYLAND
NURSE PRACTITIONER
RICHARD JACKSON
NEUROLOGY
AMY JOHNSON (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
FARHANA KAMAL (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
THOMAS KANDORA (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
ATILLA KAYALAR (MD)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
GREGORY KELLY (MD)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
SEAN KENNEDY
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
GAMAL KHALIFA
INTERNAL MEDICINE
EUNYOUNG KIM
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JARED KING
NEUROLOGY
JOHN LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
MICHAEL LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
KYLE LEONARD
FAMILY PRACTICE
EDWARD LIEBERS
INTERNAL MEDICINE
MATTHEW LOFTUS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
KELLY MALEY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
KRISTA MALINOSKI
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
EVAN MARKESSINIS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MELODY MARKESSINIS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JULIAN MARYNCZAK
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
CHRISTOPHER MASON
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
JAMIE MASSON (MD)
PULMONARY DISEASE
CARRIE MIRON
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JOHN MONGAN
INTERNAL MEDICINE
STEPHEN MONN
PULMONARY DISEASE
GWENDOLYN MORRIS DICKINSON (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
SCOTT MUNRO
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
ABIGAIL NARKIEWICZ
NURSE PRACTITIONER
SADAT OZAIR (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
KERRY REILLY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ELIZABETH REINHARDT
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
HOWARD RITZ (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
PATRICK ROWLEY
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
PAUL SCALIA (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
GEOFFREY SERFILIPPI (MD)
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
PUJA SHARMA
FAMILY PRACTICE
NAWED SIDDIQUI (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
SONYA SIDHU-IZZO (MD)
FAMILY PRACTICE
MURTAZA SINGAPOREWALA (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
NIKOLE SLOWICK
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
BRADLEY SMITH (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
CHRISTOPHER SMITH
INTERNAL MEDICINE
NOELLE STEVENS (MD)
FAMILY PRACTICE
JOHN STOUTENBURG (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
XIAO SU
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
KARI SUDFELD
NURSE PRACTITIONER
CHERYL SYTA (NP)
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JORDYN THIEM
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
GORDON THOMAS (DO)
FAMILY PRACTICE
JAMES TODT
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JASMINE TUCKER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JEAN VANAUKEN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MARK VANDIEN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ASHLEY WATSON
NURSE PRACTITIONER
AUTUMN WEBB
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
FRANK WESTAD
NURSE PRACTITIONER
MELODY WICKS
NURSE PRACTITIONER
100 PARK ST, GLENS FALLS, NY 12801 Map
( --)
SHAHID AHMED
INTERNAL MEDICINE
MATTHEW ANDERSON (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
CARLOS ARES (MD)
PULMONARY DISEASE
SEAN BAIN (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
SCOTT BIASETTI (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
JORDAN BLACKWOOD
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
JULIA BOTTONI
INTERNAL MEDICINE
JONATHAN BRAIMAN (MD)
NEUROLOGY
SARAH BRENNAN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JENNY BRONSON
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ABIGAIL CHARTER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ASIM CHAUDRY
INTERNAL MEDICINE
AMIT CHOPRA
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
WILLIAM CLEAVER
INTERNAL MEDICINE
JOANNE COOPER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
KATHLEEN CROTTY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
KATELYN CULLINAN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
SHAUN CUMM (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
DAVID CUNNINGHAM
FAMILY PRACTICE
JOSEPH D AGOSTINO (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
MARVIN DAVIDOWITZ
INTERNAL MEDICINE
LOUIS DECUNZO (MD)
THORACIC SURGERY
JEREMY DI BARI
FAMILY PRACTICE
MATTHEW DICKSON (MD)
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
MICHAEL DINKELS
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
KASANDRA FRASIER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
REBECCA FRELIGH
NURSE PRACTITIONER
MICHAEL FULLER
FAMILY PRACTICE
DARCI GAIOTTI-GRUBBS
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
KARA GIEGER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
AQEEL GILLANI (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
JEFFREY GREENHOUSE (MD)
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
MELISSA GUNTY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JORDAN HASKINS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
SALAM HAWA
FAMILY PRACTICE
AARON HECKLER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MEGAN HILL
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MARK HOFFMAN
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
PHOEBE HUGHES
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
RICHARD JACKSON
NEUROLOGY
AMY JOHNSON (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
FARHANA KAMAL (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
ATILLA KAYALAR (MD)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
GREGORY KELLY (MD)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
SEAN KENNEDY
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
GAMAL KHALIFA
INTERNAL MEDICINE
BRITTANY KING
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JARED KING
NEUROLOGY
MARCILLE LABBAN
INTERNAL MEDICINE
JOHN LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
MICHAEL LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
KYLE LEONARD
FAMILY PRACTICE
BO LI
INTERNAL MEDICINE
PEGGY LIBERTY-OLCOTT
NURSE PRACTITIONER
MATTHEW LOFTUS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
NAGENDRA MADISI
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
KELLY MALEY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
EVAN MARKESSINIS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MELODY MARKESSINIS
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JULIAN MARYNCZAK
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
CHRISTOPHER MASON
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
JAMIE MASSON (MD)
PULMONARY DISEASE
MARY ANN MCKEE
NEUROLOGY
JOHN MCLAIN
PSYCHIATRY
STEPHANIE MCLAIN
NURSE PRACTITIONER
CARRIE MIRON
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
STEPHEN MONN
PULMONARY DISEASE
GWENDOLYN MORRIS DICKINSON (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MUHAMMAD MUNAWAR
PSYCHIATRY
SCOTT MUNRO
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
KRISTOFFER NEU
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
GLENN PIZARRO (MD)
FAMILY PRACTICE
RUSTOM RASTINEHAD
UROLOGY
KERRY REILLY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ELIZABETH REINHARDT
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ROHIT REPALA
GENERAL SURGERY
HOWARD RITZ (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
PAUL SCALIA (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
GEOFFREY SERFILIPPI (MD)
CRITICAL CARE (INTENSIVISTS)
NAWED SIDDIQUI (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
SONYA SIDHU-IZZO (MD)
FAMILY PRACTICE
HOWARD SILVERBERG
INTERNAL MEDICINE
NIKOLE SLOWICK
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
BRADLEY SMITH (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
CHRISTOPHER SMITH
INTERNAL MEDICINE
NOELLE STEVENS (MD)
FAMILY PRACTICE
COURTNEY STEWART
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JOHN STOUTENBURG (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
JASMINE TUCKER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MARK VANDIEN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MATHEW VARUGHESE
INTERNAL MEDICINE
AUTUMN WEBB
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MELODY WICKS
NURSE PRACTITIONER
102 PARK ST, GLENS FALLS, NY 12801 Map
( --)
JORDAN BLACKWOOD
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
VINCENT COOPER (MD)
UROLOGY
GERARD FLORIO
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST
REBECCA FRELIGH
NURSE PRACTITIONER
DARCI GAIOTTI-GRUBBS
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
AQEEL GILLANI (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
MARK HOFFMAN
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
JOHN LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
MICHAEL LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
CHRISTOPHER MASON
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
MARY ANN MCKEE
NEUROLOGY
MAX RUDANSKY (MD)
NEUROLOGY
HARRY SLATCH
UROLOGY
NIKOLE SLOWICK
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JOHN STOUTENBURG (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
AUTUMN WEBB
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MELODY WICKS
NURSE PRACTITIONER
CHARLES YUN
INTERNAL MEDICINE
14 HUDSON AVE, GLENS FALLS, NY 12801 Map
( --)
MATTHEW ANDERSON (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
JOANNE COOPER
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JOSEPH D AGOSTINO (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
LOUIS DECUNZO (MD)
THORACIC SURGERY
MATTHEW DICKSON (MD)
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
BRIAN INOUYE
UROLOGY
SEAN KENNEDY
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
MICHAEL LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
MICHAEL LIEBERTH
GENERAL SURGERY
ROHIT REPALA
GENERAL SURGERY
HOWARD RITZ (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
PAUL SCALIA (MD)
GENERAL SURGERY
STEVEN SCALIA
GENERAL SURGERY
KARI SUDFELD
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JAMES TODT
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MELODY WICKS
NURSE PRACTITIONER
GILLIAN WOLFF
UROLOGY
35 GILBERT ST, CAMBRIDGE, NY 12816 Map
( 518-677-3961)
KEANA ALBERT
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
BRANDII BAKER
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JACKLYNN BROWN (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
TIMOTHY COOK (MD)
FAMILY PRACTICE
ABIGAIL GRAVES
NURSE PRACTITIONER
AMY JOHNSON (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MEGAN KING
NURSE PRACTITIONER
KRISTA MALINOSKI
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JILLLIAN MYERS
NURSE PRACTITIONER
ABIGAIL NARKIEWICZ
NURSE PRACTITIONER
WILLIAM PAPURA (DO)
FAMILY PRACTICE
MATTHEW PENDER
INTERNAL MEDICINE
BARNEY RUBENSTEIN (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
AZIA SAYERS
NURSE PRACTITIONER
KATY UNDERWOOD
FAMILY PRACTICE
FRANK WESTAD
NURSE PRACTITIONER
6 HEARTS WAY, QUEENSBURY, NY 12804 Map
( 518-792-1233)
IQBAL BASHIR (MD)
INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY
JORDAN BLACKWOOD
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
SHAUN CUMM (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MELISSA GUNTY
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
MEGAN HILL
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
ROBERT HOGAN
INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY
DAVID JUDKINS
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
ATILLA KAYALAR (MD)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
GREGORY KELLY (MD)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
JOHN LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
MICHAEL LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
STEPHANIE MCLAIN
NURSE PRACTITIONER
SCOTT MUNRO
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
HENRY TAN (MD)
CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
MARK VANDIEN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
211 CHURCH ST, SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY 12866 Map
( 518-226-6000)
JOHN DELMONTE
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
EUNYOUNG KIM
NURSE PRACTITIONER
EDWARD LIEBERS
INTERNAL MEDICINE
JOHN MONGAN
INTERNAL MEDICINE
SADAT OZAIR (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
MURTAZA SINGAPOREWALA (PA)
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
XIAO SU
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
CHERYL SYTA (NP)
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JORDYN THIEM
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
JEAN VANAUKEN
PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
1134 STATE ROUTE 29, GREENWICH, NY 12834 Map
( 518-692-9861)
ROBERT FREEMAN
FAMILY PRACTICE
KRISTEN KELLEY
FAMILY PRACTICE
WILLIAM PAPURA (DO)
FAMILY PRACTICE
STEPHANNIE SIWIK-SIMPSON
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JOHN STOUTENBURG (MD)
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY
ASHLEY WATSON
NURSE PRACTITIONER
FRANK WESTAD
NURSE PRACTITIONER
65 POULTNEY ST, WHITEHALL, NY 12887 Map
( 518-499-2444)
KERIN DEVLIN
NURSE PRACTITIONER
JOHN LAYDEN
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
SCOTT MUNRO
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CARDIOLOGY)
PUJA SHARMA
FAMILY PRACTICE
325 MAIN ST, HUDSON FALLS, NY 12839 Map
( 518-747-3376)
JAMIE BOVAIR
NURSE PRACTITIONER
KAREN GOING
NURSE PRACTITIONER
THOMAS KANDORA (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
SANDITA REDDAMMAGARI
FAMILY PRACTICE
213 MAIN ST, SALEM, NY 12865 Map
( 518-854-3821)
BARNEY RUBENSTEIN (MD)
INTERNAL MEDICINE
STEPHANNIE SIWIK-SIMPSON
NURSE PRACTITIONER
13 PALMER AVE, CORINTH, NY 12822 Map
( 518-654-6499)
MARENA EUASHACHAI
FAMILY PRACTICE
EILEEN SPINELLI
NURSE PRACTITIONER
135 N RD, WILTON, NY 12831 Map
( 518-926-1935)
SUZANNE DICKSON
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST
6 MEDICAL PARK DR, MALTA, NY 12020 Map
( 518-289-2717)
EUNYOUNG KIM
NURSE PRACTITIONER
43 NEW SCOTLAND AVE, ALBANY, NY 12208 Map
( 518-792-1233)
HENRY TAN (MD)
CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

   Other Physician Groups

This is a list of other physician groups that service the same geographic area. If you are not satisfied with your current doctor or group of doctors, these may be worth considering.